China came to the Shangri-La Dialogue to both romance and rumble.

The language of regional romance jars mightily with the grouchy belligerence over the South China Sea.

The rich suitor came wooing with honey words, then broke the spell by banging on the table.

The China duality was on display in the presentation by Admiral Sun Jianguo, deputy chief of the People’s Liberation Army.

In its 15th year, the Asia Security Summit has some theatrical traditions. The call and response—attack and counter-attack—between the US and China is kabuki-like ritual.

The script repeats each year. The U.S. Secretary of State goes on stage in the first plenary and sets up the drama. Ashton Carter performed to order with his attack on "China’s
expansive and unprecedented actions" in the South China Sea: "Unfortunately, if these actions continue, China could end up erecting a Great Wall of self-isolation."

Then on Sunday, the head of the China delegation gets to do a plenary push-back. Carter’s speech was all about China all the way through. Admiral Sun’s was a fine expression of the China duality.

The first half was sunshine and romance. The second half was all rumble (rumble definition: a fight between thugs).

China does the romance language so constantly, the words take on ritual quality. Yet the words do matter; more than statement of good intent, they can be measured against performance.

Asia–Pacific countries, the Admiral said, constitute a community of shared destiny, interdependent and inseparable: "The bright future for the Asia–Pacific region has to be facilitated by common development and common security of all regional countries."

China advocates a new outlook which is "inclusive, shared and win-win security cooperation by all."

The jab from Carter that hurt was the line about erecting a Great Wall of self-isolation.

Sun rumbled back: "In fact China is open, inclusive and a responsible country. It is a participator and constructor and contributor to the current international system. We were not isolated in the past, we are not isolated now. We will not be isolated in the future."

The standard Chinese line is that the US is a captive of Cold War zero-sum thinking while China is the champion of a new future—Asia run for and by Asians.

In that view of the world, the US does zero while China does win-win; the sardonic translation of win-win is that China wins all the time.

The Admiral’s version of the zero sum charge: "Actually I am worried that some people and countries are still looking at China with the Cold War mentality and prejudice. They may build a wall in their minds and end up isolating themselves."

With the international tribunal in The Hague about to announce its decision on Manila’s case against China in the South China Sea, Beijing keeps digging in deeper with every statement. The Great Wall of denial builds.

Sun repeated that the tribunal has no jurisdiction over China and the judgement will be ignored. So when the tribunal makes a binding decision (under the UNCLOS that China has ratified) China will announce it doesn’t matter and won’t be accepted.

For China, a reputational disaster looms. China, the law-abiding citizen, will flout the court.

Sun ran the standard line that everybody else caused the problem—the Philippines is berated for daring to go to court and the US is provocative for sailing and flying through the South China Sea.

The issue, he said, had "become overheated because of provocations of certain countries for their own selfish interests."

Admiral Sun said the South China Sea remained stable and freedom of navigation hadn’t been affected.

China always insisted on peaceful settlement of disputes through negotiations and consultations. Those negotiations, of course, should be bilateral and win-win (refer to the sardonic interpretation).

The PLA deputy chief’s best line in the romance vein was this: "I always believe that shaking hands is better than clenching fists, opening hearts is better than opening fire. The two world wars gave nothing other than miserable lessons to mankind. We must take history as a mirror, cherish the peace of the world today, and preserve the hard-won situation of peace and security in the Asia–Pacific region."

Nicely put. Pity about that hand banging the table.

This piece first appeared in ASPI’s The Strategist here.